JLA : the ultimate guide to the Justice League of America

Justice League of America

Justice League of America (Comic strip)

Americans and the Holocaust : a reader

Adolf Hitler : Bavaria's Rebel. Cyril Brown, "New Popular Idol Rises in Bavaria, " New York Times, November 21, 1922 ; Raymond Fendrick, "'Heinrich' Ford Idol of Bavaria Fascisti Chief, " Chicago Daily Tribune, March 8, 1923 -- Illustration: Paolo Garretto, Hitler, 1932 ; "A Week's Vignettes of Nazi-Land, " News-Week, March 25, 1933 ; Foreign News, Germany, "We Demand!" Time, July 10, 1933 -- Protesting the Nazi Dictatorship. "Wise Explains Jewry's Pleas to Garden Crowd, " New York Herald Tribune, March 28, 1933 ; Associated Press, "Mistreatment of Jewish Race in Germany Ends, " Bangor (ME) Daily News, March 27, 1933 ; United Churches of Lackawanna County (PA), petition to Cordell Hull, US Secretary of State, March 27, 1933 ; United Press, "Nazis Start Jewish Boycott" and Associated Press, "Courts Are Cleared, " Santa Cruz (CA) News, March 31, 1933 ; Jewish Telegraphic Agency, "Germany Is Too Easy on Jews, Goebbels Asks Stronger Attack, " Jewish Daily Bulletin, April 26, 1933 ; Cordell Hull, US Secretary of State, "Memorandum of Conversation between Secretary Hull and the German Ambassador, Dr. Hans Luther, " May 3, 1933 ; Associated Press, "German Students Burn Books of Noted American Authors, " (Boise) Idaho Daily Statesman, May 11, 1933 ; American League for the Defense of Jewish Rights, "Resolution Adopted at the [National Boycott] Conference, " June 27, 1933 -- Americans Assaulted in Germany. Associated Press, "Nazi Attacks on Americans, " New York Times, October 13, 1933 ; Sigrid Schultz, "Hitler Assures Dodd Yanks Will Get Protection, " Chicago Daily Tribune, October 18, 1933 -- Germany's Jews in Danger. Foreign News, Germany, "Little Man, Big Doings, " Time, September 23, 1935 ; President Franklin D. Roosevelt to New York Governor Herbert H. Lehman regarding the immigration of German Jews into the United States, November 13, 1935 -- Boycott the Olympics? Avery Brundage, President, American Olympic Committee, Preface to Fair Play for American Athletes, October 1935 ; Heywood Broun, "The Olympics Merely an Opportunity for Hitler to Glorify Himself a Bit, " Morning Post (Camden, NJ), October 28, 1935 ; "The 1936 Olympic Games : An Open Letter, " New York Amsterdam News, August 24, 1935 -- Nazis in America. Joseph F. Dinneen, "An American Fuhrer Organizes an Army, " American Magazine, August 1937 --

Illustration: Herblock [Herbert L. Block], "Still No Solution, " 1939 -- The Refugee Crisis. Associated Press, "Hitler Enters Vienna as Jews Begin to Feel Weight of Persecution, " Public Opinion (Chambersburg, PA), March 14, 1938 ; Dorothy Thompson, excerpts from Refugees : Anarchy or Organization? 1938 -- Sympathy without Action. Department of State call for international special committee on emigration aid for political refugees, March 24, 1938 ; Gerald G. Gross, "'Yes, But---' Attitude Perils Progress at World Refugee Conference, " Washington Post, July 10, 1938 ; Foreign News, International, "Refugees, " Time, July 18, 1938 -- In Search of Refuge : Teenage Pen Pals. Marianne Winter, letters to Jane Bomberger, June 6 and 29, 1938 ; "'Hands Across Sea' Are joined, " Reading (PA) Eagle, February 5, 1939 -- November Pogrom. United Press, "Hysterical Nazis Wreck Thousands of Jewish Shops, Burn Synagogues in Wild Orgy of Looting and Terror, " Dallas Morning News, November 11, 1938 ; President Franklin D. Roosevelt, draft press statement following Kristallnacht, November 16, 1938 ; Associated Press, "Treatment of Jews 'Shocks U.S.', " The Daily Missoulian (Missoula, MT), November 16, 1938 ; Gallup Polls on Nazi treatment of Jews and immigration of Jewish exiles to the United States, November 1938 -- Admit Refugee Children? John F. Knott, " 'Please, Ring the Bell for Us,' " Dallas Morning News, July 7, 1939 ; Non-Sectarian Committee for German Refugee Children, "Suffer Little Children..." April 1939 ; John Cecil, American Immigration Conference Board, America's Children Are America's Problem! Refugee Children in Europe Are Europe's Problem! 1939 ; Clarence E. Pickett and Robert R. Reynolds, "America: Haven for Refugee Children?" The Rotarian, February 1940 -- A Refugee Ship at Sea. Fred Packer, "Ashamed!" New York Daily Mirror, June 6, 1939 ; "Refugee Ship, " New York Times, June 8, 1939 ; St. Louis Passengers' Committee, draft telegram to American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, New York City, June 1939 ; Associated Press, "Refugee Ship Is at Antwerp, " Fort Worth (TX) Star-Telegram, June 18, 1939 -- Americans Who Dared. Associated Press, "50 Jewish Refugee Tots are Happy in New Home, " Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, June 5, 1939 ; Martha Sharp, Unitarian Service Committee, "Memorandum : Emigration from France to the United States of America, " November 26, 1940 ; Varian Fry, Emergency Rescue Committee, foreword to Surrender on Demand, 1945 ; Marjorie McClelland, American Friends Services Committee, letter to family, July 15, 1941 --

Illustration: Elmer, "War's First Casualty" 1941 ; President Franklin D. Roosevelt, "War in Europe" fireside chat, September 3, 1939 - The Foreign War and the National Defense. Confessions of a Nazi Spy motion picture advertisement, 1939 ; J. Edgar Hoover with Courtney Ryley Cooper, "Stamping Out the Spies, " American Magazine, January 1940 ; Fortune/Roper Survey on a German "Fifth Column, " June 1940 ; President Franklin D. Roosevelt, "National Defense" fireside chat, May 26, 1940 ; Gallup Poll on US involvement in war against Germany, May 1940 -- "A Wall of Bureaucratic Measures". Breckinridge Long, Assistant Secretary of State, memorandum on limiting immigration, June 26, 1940 ; Cordell Hull, US Secretary of State, telegram to all diplomatic and consular offices, June 29, 1940 ; Albert Einstein, letter to Eleanor Roosevelt, July 26, 1941 -- The Nazi War on Europe's Jews. Associated Press/Alvin J. Steinkopf, "A Walled Ghetto, Ruin Everywhere, Is What Writer Finds in Warsaw, " Minneapolis Tribune, October 13, 1940 ; United Press, "Nazis Decree Jews Must Wear Badge, " Philadelphia Inquirer, September 7, 1941 ; United Press/Jack Fleisher, "Germans Crowding Millions of Eastern European Jews Into Ghettos, " San Bernardino (CA) Daily Sun, November 8, 1941 -- Intervention or Isolation? Fight for Freedom Committee, "To the President of the United States, " 1941 ; Fight for Freedom Committee, "Wanted for Murder: Adolf Schicklgruber Alias Hitler, " 1941 ; President Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Maintaining Freedom of the Seas" fireside chat, September 11, 1941 ; Charles A. Lindbergh, "Who Are the War Agitators?" speech delivered in Des Moines, Iowa, September 11, 1941 ; Charles A. Lindbergh, diary excerpts, September-December 1941 ; "Principles of America First Committee, " America First Bulletin, November 22, 1941 ; America First Committee, promotional buttons and stickers, ca. 1941 ; Dr. Seuss [Theodor S. Geisel], "...and the wolf chewed up the children and spit out their bones..." PM (New York, NY), October 1, 1941 ; Arthur Szyk, "A Madman's Dream, " American Mercury, November 1941 ; Hitler in American Popular Culture ; Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, Captain America, Marvel Comics, March 1, 1941 ; "Hotzi Notzi" Hitler caricature pin cushion, 1941 ; Charlie Chaplin, The Great Dictator: Final Speech, 1940 --

Illustration: Chester Raymond Miller, "We're Fighting to Prevent This, " 1943 -- The Double V Campaign. A. Philip Randolph, "The Negro and The War, " Norfolk (VA) Journal and Guide, January 3, 1942 ; James G. Thompson, "Should I Sacrifice to Live 'Half-American?'" Pittsburgh Courier, January 31, 1942 -- Relocating Japanese Americans. Executive Order 9102: "Establishing the War Relocation Authority, " March 18, 1942 ; Harry Paxton Howard, "Americans in Concentration Camps, " The Crisis, September 1942 ; Justice Frank Murphy, US Supreme Court, dissenting opinion in Korematsu v. United States (1944) -- "United We Win". Henry Koerner, "This Is the Enemy, " US Office of War Information, 1943 ; Lawrence Beall Smith, "Don't Let That Shadow Touch Them-Buy War Bonds, " US Department of the Treasury, 1942 ; Howard Liberman, photographer, "United We Win, " US War Manpower Commission, 1943 ; R.G. Harris, "Do the job He left behind, " US War Manpower Commission, 1943 ; Norman Rockwell, "Rosie the Riveter, " Saturday Evening Post, May 29, 1943 ; Leon Helguera, "Americanos Todos-Luchamos por la Victoria/Americans All-Let's Fight for Victory, " US Office of War Information, 1943 -- Nazi Germany's "Final Solution to the Jewish Question". Paul T. Culbertson, Department of State, Division of European Affairs, draft letter to Stephen S. Wise, American Jewish Congress, August 13, 1942 ; Samuel S. Silverman, World Jewish Congress, United Kingdom, cable to Stephen S. Wise, August 29, 1942 ; Associated Press, "Plan to Kill All Jews Is Revealed, " Huntsville (AL) Times, November 25, 1942 ; William Levine, letter to President Roosevelt, December 2, 1942 ; Department of State press release of Allies' joint declaration against Germany's extermination of Jews, December 16, 1942 ; Gallup Poll on the reported number of Jews killed in Europe, January 1943 ; William L. Shirer, "Propaganda Front : Americans Yet to Grasp Truth of Nazi Terror," New York Herald Tribune, March 21, 1943 -- Pressure to Act. Freda Kirchwey, "A Program of Inaction," Nation, June 5, 1943 ; Ben Hecht, "'Narrators' Pitch' Written for Washington," "We Will Never Die," April 12, 1943 ; Ben Hecht, "Ballad of the Doomed Jews of Europe," 1943 ; Associated Press, "Rabbis Urge Agency to Aid Jewish People," Richmond (VA) Times Dispatch, October 7, 1943 -- A "War Refugee Board" for Rescue. Henry Morgenthau Jr., US Secretary of the Treasury, "Personal Report to the President," January 16, 1944 ; Executive Order 9417: "Establishing a War Refugee Board," January 22, 1944 ; Eleanor Roosevelt, "My Day : Oswego refugee shelter offers a duration home to 982 weary Europeans," Courier-Journal (Louisville, KY), September 23, 1944 ; Max Sipser, untitled illustration for Ontario Chronicle, August 2, 1945 ; Correspondence between John W Pehle, Executive Director, War Refugee Board, and John J. McCloy, US Assistant Secretary of War, November 8 and 18, 1944 -- Witnesses to the "Final Solution". Jan Karski, "'To Die in Agony...'," Story of a Secret State, November 1944 ; War Refugee Board, introduction to German Extermination Camps : Auschwitz and Birkenau, November 1944 ; Associated Press, "Cabinet Members Submit Report on Nazi Extermination Camps," Billings (MT) Gazette, November 26, 1944 ; Gallup Polls on the number of murders in Nazi concentration camps, November 1944 ; "Genocide," Washington Post, December 3, 1944 -- April 12, 1945. "Roosevelt Dead at Warm Springs," Washington Post, April 13, 1945 ; US Army General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Allied Commander in Europe, telegram to General George C. Marshall, US Army Chief of Staff, April 19, 1945 ; Edward R. Murrow, CBS Radio broadcast from Buchenwald, April 15, 1945 -- "Victory" in Europe. Boris Artzybasheff for Time, May 7, 1945 ; Images from "Atrocities," Life, May 7, 1945 -- The International Military Tribunal -- The New Refugee Crisis. President Harry S. Truman, "Immigration to the United States of Certain Displaced Persons and Refugees in Europe," December 22, 1945 ; Gallup Poll on admitting more European refugees, December 1945.