Harvest of the cold months : the social history of ice and ices

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ICE manual of highway design and management

Institution of Civil Engineers manual of highway design and management

ICE manuals

ICE manuals.

Financial, legal and contractual framework / Highway Legislation: England and Wales / Introduction -- Highway authorities and agreements between authorities (sections 1-9) -- Trunk roads, classified roads, metropolitan roads, special roads (sections 10-23) -- Creation of highways (sections 24-35) -- Maintenance of highways (sections 36-61) -- Improvements of highways (sections 62-105) -- Environmental impact assessments (sections 105 A-D) -- Construction of bridges over and tunnels under navigable waters and diversions etc. of watercourses (sections 106-111) -- Provision of special facilities for highways (sections 112-115) -- Provision of amenities on certain highways -- Stopping up and diversion of a highway and stopping up of means of access to a highway (sections 116-129) -- Lawful and unlawful interfaces with highways and streets (sections 130-185) --

Traffic models for highway schemes / Introduction -- Multi-stage models -- Road traffic assignment models -- Microsimulation models -- Model calibration and validation -- References -- Forecasting future conditions / Introduction -- Principles of forecasting -- Future year forecasts -- Traffic forecasts for use in scheme appraisal -- References -- Scheme appraisal / Introduction -- National objectives for transport -- Local and regional objectives -- Improvements to identified problems -- Other issues -- Appraisal methodology -- The Brief -- Description of existing conditions -- Planning factors -- Description of scheme options -- Traffic assessment -- Cost estimates -- Safety assessment -- Economic assessment -- Environmental assessment -- Operational assessment -- Appraisal Summary Tables (ASTs) -- Implementation programme -- Conclusions -- References -- Public consultation / Introduction -- The Government's Code of Practice -- Types of public consultation -- The consultation process --

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) -- Environmental assets -- evaluating what you have -- Assessment of environmental effects -- Design considerations -- Handover and long-term management -- References -- Highway materials and recycling / Highway materials: an introduction / Introduction -- Foundation layers -- Surface layers -- Conclusion -- References -- Unbound aggregates / Introduction -- Terminology -- Production -- Materials and specifications -- Testing -- References -- Hydraulically bound mixtures for local roads / Introduction -- HBM behaviour -- Pavement design and specification -- HBM for local authorities -- References -- Roller compacted concrete / Introduction -- Benefits of RCC -- Common applications of RCC -- RCC mix proportioning -- Mix design -- RCC constituents -- Quality control and test methods -- Construction methodology -- RCC properties -- Conclusions -- References --

Cold mix asphalt layers / Introduction -- Cold mix asphalt mix design for plant mixtures -- Cold mix asphalt mixing plant manufacture and installation -- Sustainability -- References -- Hot mix asphalt layers / Introduction -- Mixture types -- Layers -- Sustainability -- Summary -- References -- Laying asphalts / Laying asphalt -- Production and transportation of asphalts -- Paver laid asphalt -- Surface regularity -- Laying chipped hot rolled asphalt surface courses -- Weather conditions -- Compaction of asphalts -- Ironwork -- Aftercare -- Quality assurance -- Epilogue -- References -- Small element paving: design and construction / Introduction -- Natural stone slabs, setts and concrete flags -- Lightly trafficked pavement design -- Heavy duty pavement design -- Ports and heavy duty pavement design -- Pavement overlay design -- Detailing and construction -- Permeable pavements -- Edge restraints -- References --

Drainage design / Introduction -- Elements of a road drainage system -- Initial design stages -- Network analysis -- Design of pollution control and flood prevention measures -- Design of other elements -- Design deliverables -- DMRB advice and guidelines -- References -- Private developer projects / Introduction -- The Highways Act and Approvals -- Planning policy -- Car parking -- Shared spaces -- User requirements -- Highway design (or Design) -- References -- Pavement design (highways) / Introduction -- Foundation support -- Traffic loading -- Structural layer design -- flexible pavements -- Structural layer design -- composite pavements -- Design for maintenance -- Selection of materials types -- References -- Pavement design (highways rigid) / Introduction -- Typical concrete pavement types -- Detailing concrete pavements -- Fibre-reinforced concrete -- The surface finish -- Slip membranes -- Slip-road detailing -- Transition slabs --

Site data collection -- Junction control methods -- Pedestrian crossings -- Road markings and traffic signs -- Vehicle movement restrictions -- Parking and loading restrictions -- References -- Capacity analysis / Introduction -- Junction types and their capacity -- Modelling the capacity of individual junctions -- Junction modelling software -- Networks -- Network modelling software -- Micro-simulation -- Micro-simulation software -- Conclusion -- References -- Highway layout and junction design / Introduction -- Design speed -- Stopping sight distance (SSD) -- Horizontal alignment -- Vertical alignment -- Minor access onto trunk roads -- Major/minor priority junctions (TA 42/95 and TD 41/95) -- Roundabouts -- Grade separation -- Signalised junctions and roundabouts -- Conclusion -- References -- Vehicle parking, waiting and loading / On-street parking -- Off-street parking -- Special users -- Parking management -- Credits -- References --

Levels of Service / Introduction -- Background -- Some definitions of Levels of Service -- Use of Levels of Service -- Developing Levels of Service -- Levels of Service recommendations -- Levels of Service statements -- Who are the customers and stakeholders and what are the authority objectives? -- Relationship between Levels of Service and authority objectives -- Levels of Service and engineering standards -- Suggested approach -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Code of Practice Themes -- Valuation of the assets / Introduction -- The importance of transport asset management -- The accounting approach -- Developing and using financial information -- Calculating depreciated replacement costs for a highway network -- Depreciation processing and reporting requirements (DRC) -- Developing inventory components and groupings -- References --

Distance limits from public road for purposes of compulsory acquisition -- Special transitional provisions for trunk roads -- Restricted roads -- Penalties for offences -- Minor and consequential amendments -- Transitional provisions and savings -- Repeals -- Highway Legislation: Northern Ireland / Introduction -- Primary legislation -- The Roads (Northern Ireland) Order 1993 -- Introduction -- Construction, maintenance and improvement of roads -- Special roads -- Improvement and safety of roads -- Environmental assessment -- Abandonments and stopping up of roads and private accesses -- Lawful and unlawful interference with roads -- Road ferries -- Powers of the Department in relation to land -- Miscellaneous and supplementary provisions -- The Schedules -- The Private Streets (Northern Ireland) Order 1980 (as amended by The Private Streets (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 1992) -- Introduction --

Associated legislation -- References -- Maintenance policies / Introduction -- Policy framework -- The wider context -- Network management -- Duty or desire? -- Asset management -- Sustainability and highway maintenance -- Issues to consider -- Policy framework -- References -- Document hierarchy -- Policy content -- Maintenance types / Introduction -- Cyclic maintenance -- Planned maintenance -- Materials -- Design options -- Reactive maintenance -- Reference -- The maintenance organisation / The basic shape of a maintenance organisation -- Direct labour or contract -- Contract types -- Relationship between workforce size and winter maintenance -- Inspection regimes -- Training and development -- References --

Modern traffic management / Approach -- Techniques -- Application -- Design considerations -- References -- Assisting public transport / Introduction -- Road-based public transport -- Traffic management measures -- Parking management measures -- Bus lanes: with flow -- Bus lanes: contraflow -- Bus-only streets and bus-ways -- Traffic signal control -- Bus stop infrastructure -- Bus priority: consideration of other road users -- Evaluation of bus priority measures -- References -- Road safety engineering / Introduction -- Accidents -- Causes of crashes -- Contribution and consequences of speeding -- Types of crashes (accidents) -- Accident data collection -- Road safety plans -- Road safety engineering -- Accident remedial schemes: process -- Detailed site analysis -- Accident remedial measures -- Measuring the effectiveness of accident remedial schemes -- Road safety audits -- References -- Intelligent transport systems / Introduction -- ITS and the ICE manual of highway design and management --

Politics and public / Introduction -- The political scene -- Working with the public -- Dealing with the media -- References -- The involvement and impact of the utilities / Introduction -- Legislation -- The coordination process -- Noticing rules -- Work categories -- Electronic transfer of notices (EToN) -- Permits -- Restrictions following work activities -- Inspections -- Penalties -- Industry organisations -- The impact of reinstatements on highway pavements -- The research programme -- Charging structures -- Determining the cost of premature maintenance -- Creating a charge structure -- References -- Winter service and other weather emergencies / Introduction -- Statutory basis -- Policy -- Winter service objectives -- Winter Service Plan -- Network hierarchy and route optimisation -- Salt bins -- Weather prediction and information --

Surface treatments for highways / Introduction -- Bitumen binders -- Surface dressing -- Slurry surfacing/microsurfacing (sometimes referred to as microasphalt) -- High friction surfacing (HFS) -- Patching -- Retexturing -- Plant -- Retread/repave -- Stress absorbing membrane interlay (SAMI) -- Imprinted surfaces -- Surface preservation systems -- The highway engineers toolbox -- a concept -- Guidance on using the highway engineer's toolbox -- References -- Road markings / Introduction -- The materials -- Application -- Performance requirements -- Testing and inspection methods -- Quality control -- Quality assurance -- References -- Maintenance planning and techniques / Introduction and scope / Introduction -- Factors affecting maintenance -- Balancing maintenance need and investment -- Maintenance funding -- Maintenance asset management systems -- Condition assessment --

Planning the consultation -- Targeting the audience -- Engaging consultees -- the exhibition -- Engaging consultees -- the questionnaire -- Engaging consultees -- focus groups -- The Public Consultation Report -- Feedback -- The outcome -- influencing decision-makers -- References -- Traffic engineering / Introduction, history, definition / The history of traffic and its management -- Traffic engineering legislation / Introduction -- Current legislation -- References -- Traditional traffic management / Introduction --

Travel and traveller information -- Network management -- urban -- Junction and network performance -- Network management -- interurban -- Road user charging, congestion charging and electronic toll systems -- Road safety -- Driver assistance -- Public transport travel information -- Future ITS -- European ITS Directive -- References -- Highway design principles and practice / Highway design principles and practice: an introduction / Background -- The design process -- Conclusions -- References -- Site investigation and foundation design / Introduction -- Stages of site investigation -- Groundwater and drainage -- Slope stability -- Embankment fills -- Road pavement subgrade -- Ground movement and subsidence -- Foundation design for structures -- References -- Geometric design / Introduction -- Basic philosophy: the information -- Geometry issues -- Junction design -- Highway features -- A practical design -- References --

The applicable law of the contract -- Selection of the conditions of contract In practice -- The ICE conditions of contract, 7th edition -- The Engineering and Construction Contract 3rd Edition (NEC3) -- References -- National specification and design documents / Introduction -- Design manual for roads and bridges -- Interim Advice Notes -- Manual of contract documents for highway works -- References -- Design Manual for Roads and Bridges -- Manual of Contract Documents for Highway Works -- Local specifications and design documents / Introduction -- Local specifications -- Local modifications to the specification for highway works -- Local design documents -- References -- European Standards for products / Introduction -- Mandates and essential requirements -- The contents of a European Standard -- Durability -- National guidance -- How Standards are produced -- Quality assurance under a European Standard -- Quality assurance and quality -- References --

Pavement anchorages -- Joint design and detailing -- Design methods -- Deterioration mechanisms and site construction problems -- Construction methods -- Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Pavement design (ancillary usage) / Industrial pavement design -- Car parks and light access way design -- Sports surfaces -- Playgrounds -- Footways and cycleways -- Public footpaths and other public rights of way (PROW) -- Farm roads -- References -- Analytical pavement design / Introduction -- Development of pavement design -- Design development in the UK -- The AASHTO design method -- Analytical pavement design principles -- Pavement modelling -- Analytical evaluation of existing pavements -- Summary -- References -- Unsealed highway construction / Introduction -- Materials -- Performance and failure -- Design -- Construction -- Maintenance -- Environmental aspects -- In-situ testing -- References --

Highways Agency schemes funding -- Local authority schemes funding -- Developer funding -- Community infrastructure levy (CIL) -- Direct local authority funding -- Practical funding considerations for promoters -- References -- Highway capital maintenance / Introduction -- Block allocations -- Highway capital maintenance funding -- 2010/11 allocations levels -- Future funding levels -- References -- Revenue funding for maintenance activities / Background to revenue funding -- The formula grant -- Calculation of the highway maintenance element of the formula grant -- Calculation of the capital financing element of the formula grant -- Sources of further information -- Forms of contract for highway construction projects / Introduction -- Introduction to highway construction contracts -- The use and importance of contracts in construction -- Types and features of highway contracts -- Statutory controls and impact -- Tendering practice -- Documents forming part of the construction contract --

New streets (sections 186-202) -- Making up of private streets (sections 203-237) -- Acquisition, vesting and transfer of land etc. (sections 238-271) -- Financial provision (sections 272-281) -- Miscellaneous and supplementary provisions (sections 282-345) -- References -- Highway Legislation: Scotland / Introduction -- Public roads -- Private roads -- New roads -- Improvements and maintenance -- Roads and building control -- Access and stopping up -- Bridges, tunnels and diversion of water -- Interference and damage -- Acquisition, transfer, vesting and compensation -- Miscellaneous -- Offences -- Statutory undertakers -- General -- Procedures for making or confirming certain orders and schemes -- Validity and date of operation of certain orders and schemes -- Classes of traffic for purposes of special roads -- Procedure for determination by roads authority of certain questions in connection with cattle-grids --

Surface characteristics (noise) / Introduction -- Measurement of noise -- Traffic noise generation -- Noise reduction -- Traffic noise mitigation and compensation -- References -- Skid resistance / Introduction -- Simple definitions relating to skid resistance -- Specification of skid resistance in the UK -- Measurement of skid resistance -- Skid resistance measurement and device operation -- Skid resistance, water and surface texture -- Skid resistance measurement devices used in the UK -- The Wehner-Schulze Test -- Skid resistance and type of aggregate -- Future trends -- Conclusions -- References -- Sustainability / Introduction -- Resource use, recycling and waste -- Public transport, walking and cycling -- Adaptation to climate change -- Assessment systems -- Corporate responsibility -- References -- Environmental considerations / Introduction/key background information on topic --

Laying out and construction of streets -- Adoption of private streets as public roads -- Making up of private streets -- Prior provision for expenses of street works in private streets -- Miscellaneous -- References -- Public procurement / Introduction -- Background and legal framework -- When do the regulations apply? -- What must be done to comply with the rules: the procurement process -- What are the consequences of a failure to comply with the procurement rules? -- References -- Funding the Highways Agency: estimates, funding, monitoring / Introduction -- Central government organisation funding -- Government agencies -- Aim and objectives of the Highways Agency -- The Highways Agency: roles, responsibilities and governance -- The Highways Agency: business planning framework business plans -- The Highways Agency: financial and investment arrangements -- References -- Major highway scheme finance / Introduction -- Basic accounting definitions --

Transport planning / Introduction to policy and practice / Introduction -- The Strategic Planning Framework -- Roles and responsibilities -- Policies, plans and programmes -- Appraisal of transport plans -- Highway scheme planning and implementation -- Impending changes to the planning system in England -- References -- Existing conditions and data / Introduction -- Existing conditions and data -- Types of survey -- Developing the scope of surveys -- Sources of existing information -- Bespoke surveys -- Traffic-related surveys for economic appraisal -- Traffic-related surveys for environmental appraisal -- Summary -- References -- Characteristics of transport and travel / Introduction -- General trends in transport and travel -- Private car travel -- Freight traffic -- Road traffic safety -- Transport and travel choices -- Summary -- References -- Estimating transport demand / Introduction -- Choice of modelling approach -- Demand models -- Types of models -- References --

Lifecycle planning / Introduction -- The lifecycle process -- Objectives and policies -- Inventory and condition data -- Cost of maintaining each group of assets -- Performance gaps -- Demands and risks -- Carriageway lifecycle plan -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Asset management strategy and risk management / Asset management strategy -- Investment strategy -- Risk assessment -- Introduction to the evaluation of risk in asset management -- Existing guidance -- Simple steps to get started in risk management -- Continuing improvement in the future -- Definitions -- Background information -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Developments and conclusions / UK Pavement Management System -- Prioritisation of highway works and deterioration models -- Working the highway data -- Taking stock and annual reviews -- Conclusion -- References.